Well-dried wood from which the building is constructed
can easily ignite. And electricity, which provides all the benefits
of civilization, creates a fire in emergencies.
To prevent this, it is necessary to install electrical wiring in
a wooden house strictly based on rules developed through the sad
experience of previous generations.
Electrical mistakes that cause fires
Even inside buildings made of brick, concrete or
other non-combustible materials, people use highly flammable items:
fabrics, paper, wooden furniture, and insulation, which are capable of ignition from
an electric spark or current discharge.
The situation worsens sharply in houses made of wood, where fire can spread to the material from which the building itself is made. It can burn out in a very short time.
This cannot be allowed. Therefore, we will figure out how to
eliminate electrical errors that could cause a fire.
Among them, several categories can be roughly distinguished when:
- the cables and wires laid in the house
overheat from the applied load, which means they are selected or installed
incorrectly; - randomly occurring emergencies
are not eliminated promptly when protection is not established or is absent; - wire connections create an increased contact resistance of the electrical
contact, which causes increased heating; - the contacts of plugs and sockets are not provided
with normal compression of the springs and are weakened, overheating themselves and heating the surrounding
space.
How to choose a cable according to the load for household wiring without errors
I have already described the basic rules for selecting and calculating cables in an article about electrical installation work in
an apartment. The home electrical project is done in the same way.
As a result of its creation, you should have a completely clear picture of the wiring arrangement, starting from the power input from the incoming power line or alternative energy sources to each consumer.
At first glance, they have double insulation and a flat shape,
which is convenient for laying inside household wiring. In addition, their cost is more attractive for people who want to save on everything.
However, pay attention to its electrical characteristics.
Manufacturers indicate the maximum voltage level for the insulation layer: 250 volts. It just makes its way higher. And such cases happen quite often.
When indicating the cross-section of the metal core, the manufacturer himself allows it to be reduced by up to 30%. This is explained by the fact that PUNP wire
is produced in violation of GOST requirements according to the technical conditions of the plant where it is produced.
As a result, with a small voltage surge, the insulation breaks through, and when the maximum load of 3 kilowatts is reached, which a cross-section of 2.5 mm sq copper should normally withstand, additional overheating is created, destroying the insulation.
Fire statistics show that half of the incidents in the household network are caused by the use of PUNP wire. Since
the market economy does not prohibit its sale, we should rely only on our knowledge.
When choosing a wire, I always measure the diameter of its current-carrying core and calculate its cross-sectional area. I introduced this rule a long time ago when I was still rewinding the windings of motors and transformers.
Safety devices: 5 mandatory modules
During normal electrical processes, they are
not needed. Therefore, many people do not understand the benefits of their use. This is
the nature of the Russian person: to rely on the famous “maybe”.
However, nothing lasts forever, and not a single
technical mechanism works flawlessly, including household wiring or power supply
organizations.
An accident can occur in a home for various reasons: unintentional human error, water leakage, insulation breakdown or damage to the power circuit due to lightning strikes, broken wires, errors by electrical personnel, or software failures.
How to connect wires correctly for home wiring from a scientific point of view
Cables and wires are created at the factory using strictly observed
technology. Inside them, short circuits and insulation damage occur due to
product defects. These are very rare cases.
Emergencies arise when there are obvious violations of
operating conditions or in places where wires are connected or to the terminals of
electrical points: sockets, switches, lamps…
We need to understand the rules of how electrical
contact is created with minimal contact resistance. It eliminates
unnecessary energy losses due to heating.
The temperature of the contact area θк is always higher than the average metal temperature θm when current passes through this place. This excess can reach a critical value, destroy the insulation, and cause a fire.
Open wiring in a wooden house using accessible methods
When laying electrical wires openly across
wood, it is always important to take into account the possibility of a spark slipping between them
that could ignite the wood.
The gap between the wires and the building structure is provided by two common technologies:
- Retro wiring in a wooden house.
- Wiring in cable channels.
